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1# Usage of hardening-related compiler flags across Linux distributions 1# Usage of hardening-related compiler flags across Linux distributions
2 2
3|. | Alpine | Debian | Fedora | Gentoo Hardened | Ubuntu | OpenSUSE | ArchLinux | OpenBSD | 3|. | Alpine | Debian | Fedora | Gentoo Hardened | Ubuntu | OpenSUSE | ArchLinux | OpenBSD | Chimera Linux |
4|---------------------------------|--------|--------|-----------|-----------------|--------|----------|-----------|---------| 4|---------------------------------|--------|--------|-----------|-----------------|--------|----------|-----------|---------|---------------|
5|`-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2` |[yes](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[2011](https://github.com/guillemj/dpkg/commit/f3bb7d4939ae95cf44c89e8f599e7ed5da431e57)|superseded|superseded|[2008](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags#A-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE.3D2)|[2005](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?| 5|`-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2` |[yes](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[2011](https://github.com/guillemj/dpkg/commit/f3bb7d4939ae95cf44c89e8f599e7ed5da431e57)|superseded|superseded|[2008](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags#A-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE.3D2)|[2005](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?|?|
6|`-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3` |no |[no](https://wiki.debian.org/Hardening)|[2023](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Add_FORTIFY_SOURCE%3D3_to_distribution_build_flags)|[2022](https://bugs.gentoo.org/876893)|[no](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-12/+bug/2012440)|[2023](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[not](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/rfcs/-/merge_requests/17) [yet](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/blob/main/makepkg.conf?ref_type=heads)|?| 6|`-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3` |no |[no](https://wiki.debian.org/Hardening)|[2023](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Add_FORTIFY_SOURCE%3D3_to_distribution_build_flags)|[2022](https://bugs.gentoo.org/876893)|[no](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-12/+bug/2012440)|[2023](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[not](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/rfcs/-/merge_requests/17) [yet](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/blob/main/makepkg.conf?ref_type=heads)|?|?|
7|`-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/44c933da5d8e364d6cd755071f629c05444191df)|no|[2018](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/HardeningFlags28)|[2022](https://bugs.gentoo.org/876895)|[no](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-12/+bug/2016042)|yes|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?| 7|`-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/44c933da5d8e364d6cd755071f629c05444191df)|no|[2018](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/HardeningFlags28)|[2022](https://bugs.gentoo.org/876895)|[no](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-12/+bug/2016042)|yes|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?|?|
8|`-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/65b5d578b2d9e3f170bc9d31dcd23f0014cfc36e)|no|no|[2023](https://bugs.gentoo.org/851111)|no|no|no|?| 8|`-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_HARDENED_MODE` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/65b5d578b2d9e3f170bc9d31dcd23f0014cfc36e)|no|no|[2023](https://bugs.gentoo.org/851111)|no|no|no|?|?|
9|`-Wformat -Wformat-security` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/ca8375f0e9d1715e38c14c918c675d6774f1eabc)|[2011](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config/blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|[2009](https://bugs.gentoo.org/259417)|[2008](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|yes|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?| 9|`-Wformat -Wformat-security` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/ca8375f0e9d1715e38c14c918c675d6774f1eabc)|[2011](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config/blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|[2009](https://bugs.gentoo.org/259417)|[2008](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|yes|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?|?|
10|`-Wl,-z,relro`/`-Wl,-z,now` |[yes](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config/blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|[yes](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Hardened/Toolchain)|[2008](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2006](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2017](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/b4b2bb56174493ea2e60b1eecc0085db421908cc)|?| 10|`-Wl,-z,relro`/`-Wl,-z,now` |[yes](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config/blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|[yes](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Hardened/Toolchain)|[2008](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2006](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2017](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/b4b2bb56174493ea2e60b1eecc0085db421908cc)|?|?|
11|`-fPIE`/`-fPIC`/… |[2008](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/fdc478bde8a2a0d76d33fcc89fa313c9f31bb79c)|[2011](https://github.com/guillemj/dpkg/commit/f3bb7d4939ae95cf44c89e8f599e7ed5da431e57)|[2015](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Harden_All_Packages)|[yes](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Hardened/Toolchain)|[2016](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2017](https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=912298)|[2017](https://github.com/archlinux/svntogit-packages/commit/5936710c764016ce306f9cb975056e5b7605a65b)|[yes](https://man.openbsd.org/clang-local)| 11|`-fPIE`/`-fPIC`/… |[2008](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/fdc478bde8a2a0d76d33fcc89fa313c9f31bb79c)|[2011](https://github.com/guillemj/dpkg/commit/f3bb7d4939ae95cf44c89e8f599e7ed5da431e57)|[2015](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Harden_All_Packages)|[yes](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Hardened/Toolchain)|[2016](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2017](https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=912298)|[2017](https://github.com/archlinux/svntogit-packages/commit/5936710c764016ce306f9cb975056e5b7605a65b)|[yes](https://man.openbsd.org/clang-local)|[yes](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/Packaging.md#hardening_options)|
12|`-fcf-protection`/`-mcet` |[no](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[2018](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/HardeningFlags28)|[2021](https://bugs.gentoo.org/822036)|[2019](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|yes|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|[2023](https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/bba006a81846d90e529167c689ea0d456b4599bc)| 12|`-fcf-protection`/`-mcet` |[no](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[2018](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/HardeningFlags28)|[2021](https://bugs.gentoo.org/822036)|[2019](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|yes|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|[2023](https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/bba006a81846d90e529167c689ea0d456b4599bc)|[no](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/src/cbuild/core/profile.py)|
13|`-fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize-minimal-runtime`|no|no|no|no|no|no|no|?| 13|`-fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize-minimal-runtime`|no|no|no|no|no|no|no|?|no|
14|`-fstack-clash-protection` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/4f7a2aff7b87cec7dd2783f95b5d6f744244c6c7)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[2018](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/HardeningFlags28)|[2018](https://bugs.gentoo.org/675050)|[2019](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2018](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?| 14|`-fstack-clash-protection` |[2023](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/commit/4f7a2aff7b87cec7dd2783f95b5d6f744244c6c7)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[2018](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/HardeningFlags28)|[2018](https://bugs.gentoo.org/675050)|[2019](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2018](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2021](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/f409a72342bf37017f190021970efaaeac1bb619)|?|[yes](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/Packaging.md#hardening_options)|
15|`-fstack-protector-strong` |[yes](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config//blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|[yes](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Hardened/Toolchain)|[2014](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2006](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2014](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/2ae260d290234c5fc4e5a2bd792d2d1b9e54f227)|[yes](https://man.openbsd.org/clang-local)| 15|`-fstack-protector-strong` |[yes](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/tsc/-/issues/64)|[yes](https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/patches/gcc-distro-specs.diff)|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config//blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|[yes](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Hardened/Toolchain)|[2014](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags)|[2006](https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features)|[2014](https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/pacman/-/commit/2ae260d290234c5fc4e5a2bd792d2d1b9e54f227)|[yes](https://man.openbsd.org/clang-local)|[yes](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/Packaging.md#hardening_options)|
16|`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero` |no|[no](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1010685)|no|[no](https://bugs.gentoo.org/913339)|[no](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-12/+bug/1972043)|no|no|?| 16|`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero` |no|[no](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1010685)|no|[no](https://bugs.gentoo.org/913339)|[no](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-12/+bug/1972043)|no|no|?|?|
17|`-mbranch-protection=standard`/`-mbranch-target-enforce`|no|no|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config/blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|no|no|no|no|[2023](https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/990129f49dcc7205208dec5e29b252be8659896d)| 17|`-mbranch-protection=standard`/`-mbranch-target-enforce`|no|no|[yes](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/redhat-rpm-config/blob/rawhide/f/buildflags.md)|no|no|no|no|[2023](https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/990129f49dcc7205208dec5e29b252be8659896d)|[no](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/src/cbuild/core/profile.py)|
18|`-fsanitize=cfi` |?|?|?|?|?|?|?|?|[no](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/Packaging.md#hardening_options)|
19|`-fsanitize=safe-stack` |?|?|?|?|?|?|?|?|[no](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/Packaging.md#hardening_options)|
20|`-fsanitize=signed-integer-overflow`|?|?|?|?|?|?|?|?|[yes](https://github.com/chimera-linux/cports/blob/master/Packaging.md#hardening_options)|
18 21
19 22
20 23