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+.\"     $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.1,v 1.40 2001/04/23 21:57:07 markus Exp $
+.\"
+.\"  -*- nroff -*-
+.\"
+.\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
+.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
+.\"                    All rights reserved
+.\"
+.\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
+.\" can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
+.\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
+.\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
+.\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
+.\"
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
+.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell.  All rights reserved.
+.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd September 25, 1999
+.Dt SSH-KEYGEN 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Nd authentication key generation, management and conversion
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Op Fl q
+.Op Fl b Ar bits
+.Op Fl t Ar type
+.Op Fl N Ar new_passphrase
+.Op Fl C Ar comment
+.Op Fl f Ar output_keyfile
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Fl p
+.Op Fl P Ar old_passphrase
+.Op Fl N Ar new_passphrase
+.Op Fl f Ar keyfile
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Fl i
+.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Fl e
+.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Fl y
+.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Fl c
+.Op Fl P Ar passphrase
+.Op Fl C Ar comment
+.Op Fl f Ar keyfile
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Fl l
+.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile
+.Nm ssh-keygen
+.Fl B
+.Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm
+generates, manages and converts authentication keys for
+.Xr ssh 1 .
+.Nm
+defaults to generating a RSA1 key for use by SSH protocol version 1.
+specifying the
+.Fl t
+option allows you to create a key for use by SSH protocol version 2.
+.Pp
+Normally each user wishing to use SSH
+with RSA or DSA authentication runs this once to create the authentication
+key in
+.Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity ,
+.Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
+or
+.Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa .
+Additionally, the system administrator may use this to generate host keys,
+as seen in
+.Pa /etc/rc .
+.Pp
+Normally this program generates the key and asks for a file in which
+to store the private key.
+The public key is stored in a file with the same name but
+.Dq .pub
+appended.
+The program also asks for a passphrase.
+The passphrase may be empty to indicate no passphrase
+(host keys must have an empty passphrase), or it may be a string of
+arbitrary length.
+Good passphrases are 10-30 characters long and are
+not simple sentences or otherwise easily guessable (English
+prose has only 1-2 bits of entropy per word, and provides very bad
+passphrases).
+The passphrase can be changed later by using the
+.Fl p
+option.
+.Pp
+There is no way to recover a lost passphrase.
+If the passphrase is
+lost or forgotten, you will have to generate a new key and copy the
+corresponding public key to other machines.
+.Pp
+For RSA1 keys,
+there is also a comment field in the key file that is only for
+convenience to the user to help identify the key.
+The comment can tell what the key is for, or whatever is useful.
+The comment is initialized to
+.Dq user@host
+when the key is created, but can be changed using the
+.Fl c
+option.
+.Pp
+After a key is generated, instructions below detail where the keys
+should be placed to be activated.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl b Ar bits
+Specifies the number of bits in the key to create.
+Minimum is 512 bits.
+Generally 1024 bits is considered sufficient, and key sizes
+above that no longer improve security but make things slower.
+The default is 1024 bits.
+.It Fl c
+Requests changing the comment in the private and public key files.
+The program will prompt for the file containing the private keys, for
+passphrase if the key has one, and for the new comment.
+.It Fl e
+This option will read a private or public OpenSSH key file and
+print the key in a
+.Sq SECSH Public Key File Format
+to stdout.
+This option allows exporting keys for use by several commercial
+SSH implementations.
+.It Fl f
+Specifies the filename of the key file.
+.It Fl i
+This option will read an unencrypted private (or public) key file
+in SSH2-compatible format and print an OpenSSH compatible private
+(or public) key to stdout.
+.Nm
+also reads the
+.Sq SECSH Public Key File Format .
+This option allows importing keys from several commercial
+SSH implementations.
+.It Fl l
+Show fingerprint of specified private or public key file.
+.It Fl p
+Requests changing the passphrase of a private key file instead of
+creating a new private key.
+The program will prompt for the file
+containing the private key, for the old passphrase, and twice for the
+new passphrase.
+.It Fl q
+Silence
+.Nm ssh-keygen .
+Used by
+.Pa /etc/rc
+when creating a new key.
+.It Fl y
+This option will read a private
+OpenSSH format file and print an OpenSSH public key to stdout.
+.It Fl t Ar type
+Specifies the type of the key to create.
+The possible values are
+.Dq rsa1
+for protocol version 1 and
+.Dq rsa
+or
+.Dq dsa
+for protocol version 2.
+The default is
+.Dq rsa1 .
+.It Fl B
+Show the bubblebabble digest of specified private or public key file.
+.It Fl C Ar comment
+Provides the new comment.
+.It Fl N Ar new_passphrase
+Provides the new passphrase.
+.It Fl P Ar passphrase
+Provides the (old) passphrase.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
+Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of the user.
+This file should not be readable by anyone but the user.
+It is possible to
+specify a passphrase when generating the key; that passphrase will be
+used to encrypt the private part of this file using 3DES.
+This file is not automatically accessed by
+.Nm
+but it is offered as the default file for the private key.
+.Xr sshd 8
+will read this file when a login attempt is made.
+.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity.pub
+Contains the protocol version 1 RSA public key for authentication.
+The contents of this file should be added to
+.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
+on all machines
+where you wish to log in using RSA authentication.
+There is no need to keep the contents of this file secret.
+.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
+Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of the user.
+This file should not be readable by anyone but the user.
+It is possible to
+specify a passphrase when generating the key; that passphrase will be
+used to encrypt the private part of this file using 3DES.
+This file is not automatically accessed by
+.Nm
+but it is offered as the default file for the private key.
+.Xr sshd 8
+will read this file when a login attempt is made.
+.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
+Contains the protocol version 2 DSA public key for authentication.
+The contents of this file should be added to
+.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys2
+on all machines
+where you wish to log in using public key authentication.
+There is no need to keep the contents of this file secret.
+.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
+Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of the user.
+This file should not be readable by anyone but the user.
+It is possible to
+specify a passphrase when generating the key; that passphrase will be
+used to encrypt the private part of this file using 3DES.
+This file is not automatically accessed by
+.Nm
+but it is offered as the default file for the private key.
+.Xr sshd 8
+will read this file when a login attempt is made.
+.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
+Contains the protocol version 2 RSA public key for authentication.
+The contents of this file should be added to
+.Pa $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys2
+on all machines
+where you wish to log in using public key authentication.
+There is no need to keep the contents of this file secret.
+.El
+.Sh AUTHORS
+OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
+ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
+Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
+Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
+removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
+created OpenSSH.
+Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
+protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr ssh 1 ,
+.Xr ssh-add 1 ,
+.Xr ssh-agent 1 ,
+.Xr sshd 8
+.Rs
+.%A J. Galbraith
+.%A R. Thayer
+.%T "SECSH Public Key File Format"
+.%N draft-ietf-secsh-publickeyfile-01.txt
+.%D March 2001
+.%O work in progress material
+.Re